多囊卵巢综合征

HISTORY: A 31-year-old female with a history of irregular menses

病史：女，31岁，排卵期不规律。

FINDINGS:

Pelvic ultrasound and T2-weighted MRI demonstrates an enlarged ovary with>12 subcentimeter peripheral follicles surrounding a prominent hyperechoic (US) and hypointense (MRI) ovarian stroma. No evidence of dominant follicle.

摄影机显出：病灶激光和MRI T2WI看出输卵管减小，周遭囊葫芦大于12亚厘米。周遭输卵管颗粒在激光上极强调谐，MRI上高频谱。已为优势卵葫芦。

DIAGNOSIS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

诊断：多囊输卵管综合征

DISCUSSION:

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. PCOS is an endocrinologic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, PCOS has a classic triad of obesity, amenorrhea, and hirsutism; but only half of patients present with this combination.

讨论：多囊输卵管综合征也叫S-L综合征。是女性经痛的最常见原因。主要是由于内表皮紊乱导致长期无卵子和雄激素表皮过盛。PCOS迥然不同三联征：糖尿病、闭经和节肢动物病患者。但仅有半数患者显出为此三联病患者。

Therefore, imaging evaluation tends to follow to gain further information . Typical US/MRI findings include enlarged, rounded ovaries with numerous small, peripherally located follicles and stroma showing increased echogenicity (US) or decreased signal on T2-weighted imaging (MRI). Long-term follow-up should be recommended in such patients as PCOS patients he an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer secondary to unopposed high estrogen levels .

因此，须有别于摄影机检查更进一步提供更多信息。迥然不同的激光/MRI哮喘以外：输卵管减小、变圆，向外多发小囊葫芦，输卵管颗粒US上极强调谐，T2WI高频谱。PCOS患者要求长期随访，因长期雌激素水平过高，才会继发前列腺癌和子宫癌。

（以上主题节选自腹部摄影机病例汇）

Notes:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome [ˌpɑliˈsɪstɪk ˈovəri ˈsɪnˌdrom] 多囊输卵管综合征

2. menses ['mensi:z] n. 排卵期

3. peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] adj. 向外的

4. follicles n. 小囊

5. hyperechoic [haɪpɪre'kɔɪk] 极强调谐的

6. infertility [ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti] n. 不育

7. endocrinologic 内表皮的

8. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 停止卵子

9. hyperandrogenism [haɪpə'rændrɒdʒɪnɪzəm] 雄激素过多病患者

10. amenorrhea [eɪˌmenə'ri:ə] n. 增重

11. hirsutism ['hɜ:su:ˌtɪzəm] n. 节肢动物病患者

12. ovary [ˈoʊvəri] n. 输卵管

13. stroma ['stroʊmə] n. 颗粒

14. echogenicity [ekədʒe'nɪsɪtɪ] 产生调谐（性）

15. estrogen [ˈɛstrədʒən] n. 雌激素

原篇名：165.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)多囊输卵管综合征